Working Principle CNC

Working Principle CNC

CNC is a machine used for automatic control in the industrial world. This machine is used to control the performance of other machines used. NC / CNC (Numerical Control / Computer Numerical Control) is a term used to indicate that a manufacturing equipment; eg lathes, milling, etc; numerically controlled based computer that is able to read the instruction code N, G, F, T, and others, in which the codes will be instructed to CNC machine to work in accordance with the program of the workpiece to be made. Operate it. With CNC machines, the precision of a product can be guaranteed up to 1/1000 mm, workmanship mass product with exactly the same result and that cepat.Fungsi CNC machining time in this case more displace operators work in conventional machine tools. For example the work tool settings or adjust the chisel movement until the position is ready to cut, cutting motion and movement retraced to the start, and others. Similarly, by setting the cutting conditions (cutting speed, feeding speed and cutting depth) as well as other regulatory functions such as the replacement of a chisel, changing the power transmission (number of revolutions of the main shaft), and the direction of rotation of the main shaft, clamping, coolant settings and so on. CNC machine tools equipped with a variety of cutting tools that can make precise workpiece and can perform numerically directed interpolation (by number). CNC operating system parameters can be changed through a software program (software load program) as appropriate. CNC has been widely used in the metal industry. In this condition, CNC mechanical system used to control the machine tool and metal cutting. So how thick and length of scrap metal generated by metal cutting machine, can be arranged by CNC machines. This time not only the metal industry are utilizing CNC machine technology as automatisasinya process. Lately CNC machines has grown remarkably so that has changed the industrial plant that had been using manpower into automatic machines. With the development of CNC machine, so that even complex workpieces can be made easily in large numbers. During the manufacture of components / parts a precision machine with manual machine tools is not easy, although it is done by a machine tool operator proficient though. The solution takes a long time. If there is a consumer demand to make components in large quantities in a short time, with quality as good, it would be difficult to achieve when using manual tools. Moreover, when the shape of the workpiece ordered more complicated, can not be completed in a short time. Economic cost of the product will be expensive, it's hard to compete with prices in the market. The demands of consumers who want the quality of the workpiece precision, quality is just as good, in a short time and in large numbers, it will be easier to work with CNC machine tools (Computer Numerlcally Controlled), which is a machine that can work through pemogramman conducted and controlled by computer , CNC machine can work automatically or semi-automatically after programmed beforehand through an existing computer. Program is a program to make the workpiece which has been planned or designed in advance. Before the workpiece is dieksikusi or worked by CNC machines, sebaikanya the program in check repeatedly that the program actually has been in accordance with the desired shape of the workpiece, and can actually be done by the CNC machine. Checking through the screen can be found on the machine or when there are no cheking through the monitor via the plotter can also be mounted on a chisel holder / false frais. After the program actually has been running as planned, and then implemented / executed by CNC machines. Types of CNC machine in medium and large industries, many will be found to support the use of CNC machines in the production process. Broadly speaking, the CNC machine is divided into two (2) types, namely: 1. CNC2 lathe. CNCSetiap milling machine types of CNC machine has its own characteristics according to the factory that makes the machine. However, an outline of the characteristics of how to operate the CNC machine can be done in two ways, namely: 1. AbsolutPada system placement system is the starting point of cutting tools which are used as a reference is set a reference point remains valid during engine operation takes place. For lathes, its reference point is placed on the axis (center) of the workpiece that will be done at the end. While the milling machine, the reference point is placed at the junction between the two sides of the workpiece to be dikerjakan.2. IncrementalPada system is the starting point of the placement system is used as a reference is always changed according to the actual point stated last. For lathe and milling machine applied the same way. Whenever a movement in the process workpiece end, the end point of the movement of the cutting tool was considered as the starting point of the movement of the cutting tool on the stage of berikutnya.Sejalan the growing need for a diverse variety of industrial products with varying levels of difficulty, it has developed various variety of CNC machines. It is intended to meet the needs of this type of work with a high degree of difficulty. Here is shown a wide variety of CNC machines. Programming CNCPemrograman machine is a sequence of commands that are prepared in detail for each block in the block for CNC machine tools provide input on what should be done. To compile the necessary programming on CNC machines the following things. Programming method of programming in CNC machining methods there are two, namely: 1) Incremental method
Before learning programming system must first fully understand the system persumbuan CNC lathe-TU2A. Illustration The figure below is a schematic transverse sledge and sledge lengthwise, in which the machine can be commanded to move according to the program


2) Method of Absolut
Is a method of programming in which the reference point is always fixed at a point / place used as a reference for all sizes.

Programming language
The programming language is the format commands in a block by using the code letters, numbers, and symbols. In CNC machine tools are computer device called Machine Control Unit (MCU). This MCU function translate the code into motion axis forms the shape of the workpiece. Code language in CNC machine tools known by the code G and M, where the codes have been standardized by ISO or other international bodies. In the application code letters, numbers, and symbols on CNC machine tools vary depending on the type of machine and the control system used, but in principle the same. So that the operation of CNC machine tools for different types there will be no significant difference. For example: machine tools EMCO CNC control systems, their code is inserted into the DIN standard. With this code language can serve as a communication medium antarmesin and operators, namely to provide the data to the machine operation to be understood. To enter the program data into the memory of the machine can be done with a keyboard or other device (floppy disks, tapes, and through the RS-232 cable).
Is a method of programming in which the reference point is always changing, the final destination point becomes the new reference point for the next size.

That cursory discussion of CNC machines